Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Phylogenetics: Phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms. It is concerned with how groups of organisms are related to each other, and how they have evolved over time._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Stephen Jay Gould on Phylogenetics - Dictionary of Arguments
II 351 Phylogenesis/order/classification/Gould: since phylogenetic lineage is our criterion for biological classification, we define groups of animals according to their family tree. For example, in 1957 it turned out that rabbits are a coherent, clearly defined genus of mammals whose phylogenetic lineage is not particularly close to rodents. II 353 Definition Sister Group: the sister group looks like an upside-down Ypsilon: two tribes are sharing a common ancestor from which no other tribe branches off. E.g. gorillas and chimpanzees form a sister group. We can then consider the chimpanzee gorilla group as a unit and ask which primate forms the sister group with it. We now have a sister group with three species, each of which is more closely related to their two partners than to any other species. What primate species is the sister group in terms of the human chimpanzee gorilla unit? Conventional: the Orang Utan. Interesting implication: there is, at least within the usual definition, nothing like a monkey! They in particular do not form a genealogical unit. II 354 Definition derived features: features are derived when they only occur for members of a direct lineage. For example, all mammals have hair, which is not the case with any other vertebrate. II 356 GouldVsCladism: most derived features are ambiguous: they either tend to be too easily delimitable, or they are adaptive enough to be developed by several strains through natural selection independently of each other. >Evolution, >Explanation, >Classification._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Gould I Stephen Jay Gould The Panda’s Thumb. More Reflections in Natural History, New York 1980 German Edition: Der Daumen des Panda Frankfurt 2009 Gould II Stephen Jay Gould Hen’s Teeth and Horse’s Toes. Further Reflections in Natural History, New York 1983 German Edition: Wie das Zebra zu seinen Streifen kommt Frankfurt 1991 Gould III Stephen Jay Gould Full House. The Spread of Excellence from Plato to Darwin, New York 1996 German Edition: Illusion Fortschritt Frankfurt 2004 Gould IV Stephen Jay Gould The Flamingo’s Smile. Reflections in Natural History, New York 1985 German Edition: Das Lächeln des Flamingos Basel 1989 |
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> Counter arguments against Gould
> Counter arguments in relation to Phylogenetics
Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-29